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Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an obligate intracellular protozoan causing several forms of toxoplasmosis in humans. The main mechanisms that allow the development of the prolonged forms of the disease and its subsequent pathology are yet to be clarified. However, many researchers have hypothesized that immunological and genetic parameters may play crucial roles in the etiology of the disease. Transforming...
The interleukin (IL)-10-production B cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis (Asro) with unknown mechanism. Micro RNA (miR)-17-92 cluster has strong immune regulatory activities. This study tests a hypothesis that miR-17-92 cluster suppresses IL-10 expression in B cells of Asro patients.Patients with Asro were recruited into this study. Peripheral blood samples were collected...
Inflammation is believed to be a component of a number of degenerative brain diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. A recent article by Fu and colleagues (2016) demonstrated that the cytokine IL-33 can modulate microglia in an animal model of AD to become better scavengers of beta-amyloid and less pro-inflammatory. The findings have potential therapeutic implications for a number of brain conditions.
Sex steroid hormones have been reported to induce inflammation causing dysregulation of cytokines in prostate cancer cells. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanism has not well been studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of sex steroid hormones on epigenetic DNA methylation changes in prostate cancer cells using a signature PCR methylation array panel that correspond...
New generation synthetic surfactants represent a promising alternative in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. CHF5633, a new generation reconstituted agent, has demonstrated biophysical effectiveness in vitro and in vivo. In accordance to several well-known surfactant preparations, we recently demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced cytokine responses in...
The role of adaptive immune cytokines in the pathogenesis of type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is well known. Even though reports on the serum levels of both Th-1 and Th-2 cytokines are available, those on newly described T cell cytokines such as IL-17, IL-33 and IL-9 in T1DM are scarce. We therefore measured the serum levels of both T cell polarizing (IL-33 and IL-12) and T cell effector (IFN-γ, IL-4,...
To evaluate the plasma levels of six adipokines, including chemerin, omentin-1, lipocalin-2, cathepsin-S, cathepsin-L and adipsin, in patients with SLE.Ninety SLE patients and ninety control subjects were recruited, plasma adipokines levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and their associations with major clinical and laboratory indexes were analyzed.There were no significant differences...
There has been growing evidence that adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inflammatory cytokines involved in insulin resistance and may be attractive candidates for assessing risk of the incident type 2 diabetes (T2DM). A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies was conducted to assess the associations of levels of serum adiponectin, TNF-α and inflammatory markers (Interleukin-1...
In this study, we investigated whether IFNλ3 and IL-3 reciprocally influence their capacity to activate various functions of human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In fact, we preliminarily observed that IFNλ3 upregulates the expression of the IL-3Rα (CD123), while IL-3 augments the expression of IFNλR1 in pDCs. As a result, we found that combination of IFNλ3 and IL-3 induces a strong potentiation...
This study investigates the relationships between matrix metalloproteinases, inflammations mediators and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Tunisians metabolic syndrome (Mets) patients.The study has included 239 MetS patients and 247 controls. Mets was defined according to the NCEP–ATPIII report. Mets patients were also divided into two categories: 29 MetS non-diabetics and 210 MetS diabetics. Dysglycemia...
Currently the main concerns regarding control of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by L. donovani are immunosuppression, relating toxicity of anti-leishmanial drug and little development in appropriate vaccine and vector (P. argentipes) control. Reports available from ex-vivo studies reflect significance of vector salivary gland homogenate (SGH) in reverting immunosuppression of infected VL subjects...
Background & aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and pathophysiology of drug-induced liver injury (DILI) – acute liver failure (ALF). Methods: The patients with acute liver injury (ALI) including ALF from 2009 to 2014 were analyzed. The hepatic encephalopathy (HE) development rate was compared with the findings from a national survey in Japan. The serum...
Protease activated receptors (PARs) and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) regulate inflammatory response in intestinal cells. We aimed to elucidate putative connections between PARs and UPS pathways in intestinal epithelial cells. Caco-2 cells were treated by agonist peptides of PARs and/or IL-1β and/or proteasome inhibitors, bortezomib or MG132. Inflammatory response was evaluated by measuring...
Healthy and septic human neonates have elevated serum IL-18 levels compared with adults. Using a murine neonatal model of intraabdominal sepsis with systemic (intraperitoneal) IL-18 complementation, Wynn et al. report that IL-18 potentiated mortality in both neonatal sepsis and endotoxemia through the induction of IL-17A, and depended on IL-1 receptor 1 signaling (but not IL-1β). They propose that...
Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an acute phase protein expressed in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli during atherosclerosis. However, recent findings suggest that PTX3 is a counter-regulatory protein which enhances the anti-inflammatory response.Therefore, the capacity of PTX3 to alter the inflammatory milieu following in vitro stimulation of PBMCs with the pro-inflammatory lipid, palmitate, was examined...
Influenza A viruses (IAV) mutate rapidly and cause seasonal epidemics and occasional pandemics, which result in substantial number of patient visits to the doctors and even hospitalizations. We aimed here to identify inflammatory proteins, which levels correlated to clinical severity of the disease. For this we analysed 102 cytokines and growth factors in human nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) samples...
Recent studies indicate that chronic inflammation promotes the aggressiveness of cancers. However, the direct molecular mechanisms underlying a functional link between chronic periodontitis, the most common form of oral inflammatory diseases, and the malignancy of oral cancer remain unknown. To elucidate the role of chronic periodontitis in progression of oral cancer, we examined the effect of Porphyromonas...
Dysregulation of neutrophil apoptosis causes pathogenesis and aggravation of allergy. S100A9 exists as one of the proteins in the neutrophils, triggering inflammatory responses by activating the immune cells. In this study, we investigated whether S100A9 affects constitutive neutrophil apoptosis by activating the monocytes in normal and allergic subjects. Supernatant from human monocytic THP-1 cells...
To evaluate the role of serum cytokines in discriminating M. pneumoniae infection in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).A prospective observational study was conducted. 385 hospitalized patients with CAP had only M. pneumoniae (MP group) infection; 321 hospitalized patients with CAP had no M. pneumoniae and other specific pathogen (control group) infections. Serum interleukin-2 (IL-2),...
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